Issue 2 (16) 2012

Nazipov RUSSIAN Lands as Related to the Dzhuchi settlement (horde): the Vassal State or a Part of the Horde State?

RUSSIAN Lands as Related to the Dzhuchi settlement (horde):
the Vassal State or a Part of the Horde State?

I.I. Nazipov

The Perm institute of economy and the finance
141, Bolshevitskaya st., Perm, 614068
E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

This article explores one of the most controversial in the historical science, the question of the nationality of the Russian lands XIII-XV centuries. Ulusu Dzhuchi (The Golden Horde). While scientists are not used for its decisions, legal scientific methods. The article contains a brief presentation made by the author of the manifestations of generally accepted in the social sciences attributes of a state such as the Russian lands as evidence of the functioning of the them of the statehood of the Horde or the statehood of the Russian principalities. Power in the Russian lands was carried out on behalf of the ("king"), not the prince. The princes were "officers" khan who ruled according to his own will and fulfilled in their lands assigned khan of their duties. In the Russian lands carries out its activities khan administration of aliens (aliens for the population of these lands). Formally, the princes of the recognized khan ("king") his suzerain. Moreover, the formal recognition of authority of the khan was accompanied by humiliating procedures for the Russian princes! The Russian people, the more the princes and the boyars were in the Horde of court, and furthermore, the (!) went to the court of the khan's call (not as prisoners of war, for example, подергались the court, namely as subjects, slave!). Khans were from Russia regular taxes and charges, was assigned to collect their officials, they sold the right to collect the muslim merchants. Not of Russian origin officials made in Russia population census for record of the number of taxpayers. Russian troops were forced to fight by the will of the khans, and thus in the foreign policy of his, Russian lands were not sovereign, but are subject to the Horde. The supreme source of law in Russia were khan's labels, which determined who will be the prince of the principalities and will comply with regulatory power in it, what categories of people are exempt from taxes and charges at the border crossing. Such character of the state as a public authority, a government organization on a territorial basis, the sovereignty, the taxation, the rule of the правотворчестве applied to a given set of events testify to the fact that in the Russian lands of the XIII–XIV centuries was the state of the Horde and not the Russian principalities as a state. A study of communications of the Russian lands and Ulus Dzhuchi, in the framework of these characters, with the amendment to the realities of the XIII–XV centuries, gave the following answer to the question of research, "Russian lands were a part of the Tatar state. Of course, not in the whole period of the russo-horde relations, in which there is a gradual decrease depending on the Horde.

Keywords: signs of the state; Ulus Dzhuchi; the state accessory of Russian lands

Bibliograficheskij spisok

1. Bol'shaja Rossijskaja jenciklopedija: v 30 t. T. 7. M. : Bol'shaja Ros. jencikl., 2007. T. 7. 767 s.

2. Vernadskij G.V. Mongoly i Rus' / per. s angl. E. P. Berenshtejna. Tver': AGRAF; M.: LEAN, 1999. 480 s.

3. Voskresenskaja letopis'. T. VII. M.: Jazyki rus. kul'tury, 2000. 345 s. (Polnoe sobranie russkih letopisej).

4. Gerberneshtejn S. Zapiski o Moskovii / per. s nem. A.I. Maleina, A.V. Nazarchenko. M.: Izd-vo MGU, 1988. 430 s.

5. Grekov B.D., Jakubovskij A.Ju. Zolotaja Orda i ee padenie. M.; L.: AN SSSR, 1950. 478 s.

6. Grekov I.B., Shahmagonov F.F. Mir istorii: Russkie zemli v HIII–XV vekah. M.: Molodaja gvardija, 1986. 334 s.

7. Gumilev L.N. Drevnjaja Rus' i Velikaja step'. M.: Mysl', 1989.764 s.

8. Gumilev L.N. Ot Rusi do Rossii. M.: Drofa, 1996. 352 s.

9. Zadonwina // Pamjatniki literatury Drevnej Rusi: XIV – seredina XV v. M.: Hudozh. lit., 1981. 602 s.

10. Ipat'evskaja letopis'. T. II. M.: Izd-vo Vost. literatury, 1962. 604 s. (Polnoe sobranie russkih letopisej).

11. Karamzin N.M. Istorija gosudarstva Rossijskogo. T. V–VIII. Kaluga: Zolotaja Alleja, 1993. 576 s.

12. Kargalov V.V. Mongolo-tatarskoe nashestvie na Rus'. XIII vek. M.: Prosvewenie, 1966. 135 s.

13. Kljuchevskij V.O. Sochinenija: v 9 t. T. II: Kurs russkoj istorii. Ch. 1. / pod. red. V.L. Janina. M. : Mysl', 1987. 447 s.

14. Kostomarov N.I. Istoricheskie monografii i issledovanija. T. 12. Nachalo edinoderzhavija v drevnej Rusi. SPb.: Tip. D. E. Kozhanchikova, 1863. 463 s.

15. Lavrent'evskaja letopis'. T. I. M.: Izd-vo Vost. literatury, 1926. 648 s. (Polnoe sobranie russkih letopisej).

16. Mavrodin V.V. Narodnoe dvizhenie protiv inozemnyh zahvatchikov v Drevnej Rusi. L.: Polit. lit., 1945. 52 s.

17. Nikonovskaja letopis'. T. X. M.: Jazyki rus. kul'tury, 2000. 248 s. (Polnoe sobranie russkih letopisej).

18. Nikonovskaja letopis'. T. XII. M.: Jazyki rus. kul'tury, 2000. 272 s. (Polnoe sobranie russkih letopisej).

19. Novgorodskaja I letopis'. T. III. M.: Jazyki rus. kul'tury, 2000. 693 s. (Polnoe sobranie russkih letopisej).

20. Platonov S.F. Lekcii po russkoj istorii. SPb.: Kristall, 1992. 838 s.

21. Povest' o zhitii i o hrabrosti blagovernogo i velikogo knjazja Aleksandra // Pamjatniki literatury Drevnej Rusi: XIII vek. M.: Hudozh. lit., 1981. S. 426 – 439.

22. Sbornik dokumentov po istorii SSSR. M. : Vyssh. shk., 1971. 238 s.

23. Solov'ev S.M. Sochinenija. T. 16. Vzgljad na istoriju ustanovlenija gosudarstvennogo porjadka v Rossii do Petra Velikogo / pod red. I. Koval'chenko. M.: Mysl', 1995. S. 5– 42.

24. Sofijskaja pervaja letopis' starshego izvoda. T. VI, vyp. 1. M.: Jazyki rus. kul'tury, 2000. 581 s. (Polnoe sobranie russkih letopisej).

25. Tizengauzen V.G. Sbornik materialov, otnosjawihsja k istorii Zolotoj Ordy: v 2 t. T 2. M.; L.: AN SSSR, 1941. 275 s.

26. Trubeckoj N.S. Nasledie Chingiz-Hana. M.: AGRAF, 2000. 560 s.