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Introduction: the article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the formation and functioning of the public service in the Russian state. Purpose: to identify the problems of the transformation of the state and municipal service institution from historical, legal, and law enforcement perspectives. Methods: historical, formal logical, methods of comparative law, analogy, induction. Results: the formation and development of the public service in the country was negatively influenced by the tendency toward the dominance of the centralized state, present at different stages of Russia’s historical development. Given the absence of its own method and the complex nature of relations regulated by state service law, it cannot be considered an independent branch of Russian law. Being two sides of the same coin, the principles of differentiation and interaction are natural components of the single process of the public administration system development, permanently requiring improvement and refinement. Personnel policy in the field of public service has major shortcomings, including those related to the selection of candidates, the lack of proper monetary incentives for employees, gender imbalance. Conclusions: in the modern legal doctrine, it is necessary to clarify the place of public service through defining it as a subbranch of administrative law. One of the most important tasks facing the Russian legislator is to develop a special system of constructive interaction of public services of various levels in order to ensure the extensive and diversified development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation by formalizing the principles of the delimitation of powers of public services. The problems of personnel policy with regard to public servants could be solved by improving the procedure for the selection of candidates, reviewing the procedure for remunerative incentives, and normalizing the gender structure of the human resources.
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