Issue 3 (41) 2018

 

Perm University Herald. Juridical Sciences. 2018. Issue 2 (40)
Title: FORMS OF GOVERNMENT IN THE FOREIGN COUNTRIES OF THE FORMER SOVIET UNION
Authors:

K. M. Khudoley, Perm State University

 This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ORCID: 0000-0003-1805-0674
 ResearcherID: E-3186-2016
Articles of «Scopus» & «Web of Science»:       DOI: 10.17072/1995-4190-2015-2-29-40
DOI: 10.17072/1995-4190-2016-34-391-401
DOI: 10.17072/1995-4190-2017-38-463-473

D. M. Khudoley, Perm State University

 This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ORCID: 0000-0001-5870-1537
 ResearcherID: E-3184-2016
Articles of «Scopus» & «Web of Science»:       DOI: 10.17072/1995-4190-2015-2-18-28
DOI:10.17072/1995-4190-2016-33-258-267
DOI: 10.17072/1995-4190-2017-37-288-302 
Requisites: Khudolej K. M., Khudolej D. M. Formy pravleniya stran byvshego Sovetskogo Soyuza [Forms of Government in the Foreign Countries of the Former Soviet Union]. Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta. Juridicheskie Nauki – Perm University Herald. Juridical Sciences. 2018. Issue 41. Pp. 371–395. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17072/1995-4190-2018-41-371-395
DOI: 10.17072/1995-4190-2018-41-371-395
Annotation:

Introduction: the article analyzes the forms of government in the former countries of the Soviet Union. Purpose: to consider the provisions of the constitutions of the CIS and Baltic countries and to substantiate the proposition that the form of government is determined based on the procedure for the formation of the highest state bodies, the status of the head of state, as well as the responsibility of the highest state bodies to each other and the population. Methods: apart from general scientific methods, some specific scientific methods were widely used, including comparative legal and systemic ones. Results: the forms of government in the countries of the former Soviet Union were influenced by the tendencies of the national statehood restoration (Baltic states), and also reception of provisions from constitutions of some foreign states (Russia, France, Romania).However,typical forms of government are only found in the Baltic states. In the CIS countries, there are mixed forms of government, combining the advantages and disadvantages of different forms of rule. Conclusions: the forms of government of some CIS and Baltic countries have undergone repeated changes. In the foreign countries of the CIS, two main trends can be observed: there is an increase in power of either the president or the parliament. In Moldova, Georgia, and Armenia, constitutional reforms resulted in the establishment of a parliamentary republic, while in Belarus, Azerbaijan, and Turkmenistan a super-presidential form of government was actually established. At the same time, the forms of government of the CIS countries are constantly changing, which is largely due to the political conjuncture and the desire of the ruling political elite to retain its power through the constitutional reforms.
Keywords: form of government; CIS and Baltic countries; constitution; constitutional reform; presidential republic; parliamentary republic; semi-presidential republic; super-presidential republic
  download the full-version article
References: 1. Blahoz J. Formy pravleniya i prava cheloveka v burzhuaznykh gosudarstvakh [Forms of Government and Human Rights in the Bourgeois States]. Moscow, 1985. 219 p. (In Russ.).
2. Vasilevich G. A. K voprosu o forme pravleniya v Belarusi [To the Question about the Form of Government in Belarus]. Vestnik Konstitutsionnogo Suda – Bulletin of the Constitutional Court. 2006. Issue 2. Pp. 31–41. (In Russ.).
3. Vetyutnev Yu. Yu., Kulkov M. O. Retsenziya na kn.: Grachev N. I., Gadzhi-Zade E. A. Formy pravleniya i institut prezidentstva v zarubezhnykh stranakh SNG: monografiya [Review of the Book: Grachev N. I., Gadzhi-Zade E. A. Forms of Government and Institute of Presidency in the Foreign Countries of the CIS: Monograph]. Gosudarstvennaya vlast' i mestnoe samoupravlenie – State Power and Local Self-government. 2006. Issue 2. Pp. 46–48. (In Russ.).
4. Gadzhi-Zade E. A. Konstitutsionnye modeli for¬my pravleniya i institut prezidentstva v stranakh SNG: Dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk [Constitutional Models of the Forms of Government, and Institute of Presidency in the CIS Countries: Cand. jurid. sci. diss]. Volgograd, 2005. 228 p. (In Russ.).
5. Egorov V. G. Postsovetskie nezavisimye gosudarstva: poisk formy pravleniya [Post-Soviet Independent States: Searching for the Form of Government]. Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya – International Relations. 2014. Issue 1. Pp. 31–46. DOI: 10.7256/2305-560X.2014.1.9798. (In Russ.).
6. Zaznaev O. I. Indeksnyy analiz poluprezident¬skikh gosudarstv Evropy i postsovetskogo prostranstva [Index Analysis of Semi-Presidential States of Europe and of Post-Soviet Expanse]. Polis. Politicheskie issledovaniya – Polis.
Political Studies. 2007. Issue 2. Pp. 146–164. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2007.02.10. (In Russ.).
7. Malinovskiy V. A. Lider: prezidentskaya vlast' v Kazakhstane na rubezhe epokh [Leader: Presidential Power in Kazakhstan at the Turn of the Eras]. Astana, 2012. 528 p. (In Russ.).
8. Mishin A. A. Gosudarstvennoe pravo burzhuaz¬nykh i razvivayuschikhsya stran [State Law of Bourgeois and Developing Countries]. Moscow, 1989. 389 p. (In Russ.).
9. Nechkin A. V. K voprosu o formakh pravleniya v stranakh SNG [Revisiting the Forms of Government in the CIS Countries]. Konstitutsionnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo – Constitutional and Municipal Law. 2016. Issue 12. Pp. 11–16. (In Russ.).
10. Strashun B. A. Konstitutsionnoe (gosudarstvennoe) pravo zarubezhnykh stran [Constitutional (State) Law of Foreign Countries]. Vol. 1–2. Moscow, 2000. 784 p. (In Russ.).
11. Cheprasov K. V. Modeli razdeleniya vlastey i forma pravleniya (konstitutsionno-pravovoy as¬pekt) [The Models of the Separation of Powers and the Form of Government (the Constitutional Legal Aspect)]. Izvestiya Altayskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta – Izvestiya of Altai State University. 2013. Issue 2–2(78). Pp. 134–138. DOI: 10.14258/izvasu(2013)2.2-30. (In Russ.).
12. Chirkin V. E. Sravnitel'noe konstitutsionnoe pravo [Comparative Constitutional Law]. Moscow, 2011. 400 p. (In Russ.).
13. Duverger M. A New Political-System Model: Semi-Presidential Government. European Jour¬nal of Political Research. 1980. Issue 8(2). Pp. 165–187. DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-6765.1980.
tb00569.x. (In Eng.).
14. Krouwel A. Measuring Presidentialism of Central and East European Countries. Acta Politica. 2003. Vol. 38. Issue 4. Pp. 333–364. (In Eng.).
15. Lijphart A. Democracies Patterns оf Majoritarian and Consensus Government in Twenty-One Countries. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984. 229 p. (In Eng.).
16. Lijphart A. Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries. New Haven: Yale University Press. 1999. 348 p. (In Eng.).
17. Lijphart A. Presidentialism and Majoritarian Democracy: Theoretical Observations; ed. by Linz J., Valenzuela A. The Failure of Presidential Democracy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994. Pp. 91–105. (In Eng.).
18. Linz J. Presidential or Parliamentary Democracy: Does It Make a Difference; ed. by Linz J., Valenzuela A. The Failure of Presidential Democracy. Comparative Perspectives. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994. Pp. 3–91. (In Eng.).
19. McGregor J. The Presidency in East Central Europe. RFR/RL Research Report. 1994. Vol. 3. Issue 2. Pp. 23–31 (In Eng.).
20. Norkus Z. Parliamentarism versus Semi-Presi¬dentialism in the Baltic States: the Causes and Consequences of Differences in the Constitutional Frameworks. Baltic Journal of Political Sciences. 2013. Issue 2. Pp. 1997–2019. DOI: 10.15388/BJPS.2013.2.2813. (In Eng.).
21. Riggs Fred W. Presidentialism versus Parliamentarism: Implications for Representativeness and Legitimacy. International Political Science Review. 1997. Issue 18 (3). Pp. 253–278. DOI: 10.1177/019251297018003003. (In Eng.).
22. Schlesinger A. Leave the Constitution Alone; ed. by Lijphart A. Parliamentary Versus Residential Government. Oxford University Press. 1994. Pp. 90–94. (In Eng.).
23. Sedelius T., Berglund S. Towards Presidential Rule in Ukraine: Hybrid Regime Dynamics Under Semi-Presidentialism. Baltic Journal of Law & Politics. 2012. Vol. 5. Issue 1. Pp. 2–46. DOI: 10.2478/v10076-012-0002-2. (In Eng.).
24. Shugart M. S. Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive and Mixed Authority Patterns. French Politics. 2005. Vol. 3. Issue 3. Pp. 323–351. DOI: 10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087. (In Eng.).
25. Shugart M.S., Carey J.M. 1992. Presidents and Assemblies. Constitutional Design and Electoral Dynamics. Cambridge. 332 p. DOI: https://doi.
org/10.1017/cbo9781139173988. (In Eng.).
26. Siaroff A. Comparative Presidencies: The Inadequacy оf the Presidential, Semi-Presidential and Parliamentary Distinction. European Journal of Political Research. 2003. Issue 42. Pp. 287–312. DOI: 10.1111/1475-6765.00084. (In Eng.).
27. Siaroff A. Varieties of Parliamentarianism in the Advanced Industrial Democracies. International Political Science Review. 2003. Issue 24(4). Pp. 445–464. DOI: 10.1177/0192512103
0244003. (In Eng.).
28. The World Factbook 2014. Available at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html. (In Eng.).
Received: 21.11.2017
Financing: ---
The Perm State University
614068, Perm, street Bukireva, 15 (Faculty of Law), +7 (342) 2 396 275
vesturn@yandex.ru
ISSN 1995-4190 ISSN (eng.) 2618-8104
ISSN (online) 2658-7106
DOI 10.17072/1995-4190
(с) Editorial board, 2010
The magazine is registered in Federal Agency of supervision in sphere of communication and mass communications.
The certificate on registration of mass media ПИ № ФС77-33087 from September, 5th, 2008
The certificate on reregistration of mass media ПИ № ФС77-53189 from Marth, 14th, 2013

The magazine is included in List ВАК and in the Russian index of scientific citing

The founder & Publisher: the State educational institution of the higher training
“The Perm State University”.
Publishing 4 times a year